Web Real-Time Communications (WebRTC)
The Web Real-Time Communications (WebRTC) standard increases the multimedia capabilities of today’s browsers by providing an API for the direct real time communication between two or more computers. This interaction takes place in users’ web browser without the use of extra plugins, making easy to share data and multimedia (video and audio). WebRTC is a standard which was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as a free, open source project, that aims not only to enrich current browsers, but also the mobile applications with the functionalities provided by the Real-Time Communications APIs.

MCU (Multipoint Control Unit or Multipoint Conference Unit)
The vigorous network topology for conference communications is the MCU (Multipoint Control Unit or Multipoint Conference Unit). MCU is used as a bridge. It is a server which is used when big number of participants want to connect to a single session and distribute multiplexed media content to each other. Whenever a participant (peer) decides to leave the specified conference, the MCU simply terminates this connection. A MCU can handle different codecs and resolutions to enable the interoperability between the participants.

X3DOM
X3DOM is able to incorporate 3D content on the Web without the installation of plugins, while at the same time, it provides an efficient integration mechanism for the current Web standards. Furthermore, its novelty lies to the merging of HTML5 and X3D standards through a viable framework, which is supported by the majority of today’s browsers.

Web Ontology Language (OWL)
The Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a language specially made for the Semantic Web, in order to sufficiently describe concepts stemming from a specific domain and organize them in a hierarchical manner. This organization takes place in such a way that primarily aids computer software to understand these concepts, rather than presenting this information to humans.

SPARQL (SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language)
SPARQL is a Semantic Web standard and the most widely used query language for RDF datasets. Its latest protocol provides improved performance and advanced retrieval capabilities, thanks to a set of unique features like SPARQL algebra, custom filter functions, aggregation, various storage systems support, etc.